# Parathyroid Disorders

Kaynak: https://ekonsey.com/en/diseases/parathyroid-disorders

The parathyroid glands regulate calcium and phosphate by secreting parathyroid hormone. Adenomas and over-activity can raise blood calcium and PTH.

## Content

The parathyroid glands, usually four and about the size of a grain of rice, sit behind the thyroid. They regulate calcium and phosphate by secreting parathyroid hormone (PTH). Keeping blood calcium in a narrow range is essential for bone health, nerve conduction, muscle function and the filtering work of the kidneys.Benign overgrowths (adenomas) or over-activity of the glands can raise blood calcium and PTH to dangerous levels. At eKonsey, our multidisciplinary council of endocrinology, endocrine surgery, nuclear medicine and radiology offers a medical opinion on these metabolic pictures and on adenomas that are hard to locate, including the surgical strategy.Neck ultrasound, scintigraphy (sestamibi) and four-dimensional neck CT are reviewed for whether they are needed and when. The council considers whether the diseased tissue can be removed through a small incision while protecting normal tissue and the nerves to the voice. Bone mineral density and kidney function are assessed together in the medical opinion.

## Common Symptoms

- Systemic and neurological symptoms - Chronic tiredness, weakness, widespread muscle weakness, depression, forgetfulness and poor concentration.
- Kidney and digestive symptoms - Recurrent kidney stones, frequent urination, excessive thirst, nausea, constipation and loss of appetite.
- Skeletal symptoms - Bone and joint pain, and early osteoporosis.

## Causes

- Primary Hyperparathyroidism and Parathyroid Adenomas - Excess parathyroid hormone from a benign tumour (parathyroid adenoma), usually in one of the four glands and rarely in more than one. This releases too much calcium into the blood and draws calcium out of the bones.
- Secondary and Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism - All of the parathyroid glands enlarge and secrete excess hormone to compensate, usually because of chronic kidney failure or long-standing vitamin D and calcium deficiency.
- Persistent or Recurrent Disease after Unsuccessful Parathyroid Surgery - The complex anatomy of patients whose hyperparathyroidism continues or returns after previous neck surgery.

## Second Opinion

A second specialist's review of your Parathyroid Disorders diagnosis or treatment plan can clarify your next step. On eKonsey this review is done online.

- [What is a medical second opinion?](https://ekonsey.com/en/corporate/what-is-a-medical-second-opinion)
- [What is an online second opinion?](https://ekonsey.com/en/corporate/what-is-an-online-medical-second-opinion)
- [What is a multidisciplinary second-opinion council?](https://ekonsey.com/en/corporate/what-is-a-multidisciplinary-second-opinion-council)

## Prices

Standard: 20000.00 TL, Urgent: 30000.00 TL, Phone: 15000.00 TL, Written: 10000.00 TL