Contact live support now for all your inquiries0850 399 11 50
Urology
Testicular Cancer
Testicular cancer is a type of cancer that generally affects young and middle-aged men (between ages 15-45); however, when diagnosed early, the treatment success rate is over 95%.
ℹWhat is Testicular Cancer?
Testicular cancer results from uncontrolled proliferation of cells in the testes located within the scrotum. The testes are responsible for sperm production and testosterone secretion. Most testicular cancers originate from germ cells.
Types
- Seminomas: Slower growing, respond very well to radiotherapy.
- Non-Seminomas: Faster spreading; includes embryonal carcinoma, yolk sac tumor, choriocarcinoma, and teratoma subtypes.
- Stromal Tumors: Rare types arising from testicular supporting tissue.
Common Symptoms
Hard Mass in the Testis
A painless, hard swelling or mass in the testis. This is the classic symptom.
Feeling of Heaviness
A sensation of fullness or pulling in the scrotum or lower abdominal region.
Hormonal Symptoms
Tenderness or enlargement of the breasts (gynecomastia) due to the secretion of hCG by some non-seminoma tumors.
Metastatic Findings
Back pain, dyspnea, or neck swelling when cancer has spread to lymph nodes or distant organs.
Diagnosis Methods
Physical Examination
Manual examination of the testis and the abdominal region.
Scrotal Ultrasonography
Determines the location, size, and content (solid or liquid) of the mass.
Blood Tumor Markers
AFP, beta-hCG, LDH, and sometimes NSE. Critical for both diagnosis and treatment monitoring.
Radiological Imaging
Abdominopelvic and chest CT for staging. MRI for retroperitoneal masses.
Causes
Cryptorchidism (Undescended Testis)
The greatest risk factor. Failure of the testis to descend into the scrotum after birth.
Family History
Testicular cancer in first-degree relatives.
Genetic Factors
Certain chromosomal abnormalities (e.g., Klinefelter syndrome).
Previous Testicular Cancer
Increased risk of cancer developing in the contralateral testis.
Treatments
Radical Inguinal Orchiectomy
Removal of the cancerous testis through an inguinal incision. Provides both definitive diagnosis and primary tumor removal.
BEP Chemotherapy
Gold standard protocol: Bleomycin + Etoposide + Cisplatin. Used as adjuvant or metastatic treatment.
Radiotherapy
Used in seminomatous tumors for lymph node management.
RPLND (Retroperitoneal Lymph Node Dissection)
Performed via robotic surgery. Surgical clearance of lymph nodes larger than 1 cm following chemotherapy.