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Orthopedics

Neck Pain

Neck pain can originate from soft tissue problems such as muscles, ligaments, and nerves, as well as from the bones and discs of the cervical spine. The neck's wide range of motion makes it vulnerable to injury.

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ℹWhat is Neck Pain?

The most common causes of neck pain are soft tissue injuries (strains or sprains) and long-term wear and tear (cervical spondylosis or arthritis).

Cervical Disc Degeneration (Spondylosis)

Cervical discs act as shock absorbers between the bones in the neck. It is generally seen in individuals aged 40 and over. As discs age, they lose their height, their water content decreases, and they weaken. When the outer ring of the disc weakens, it can bulge outward and press on the spinal cord or nerve roots (cervical herniation). More than 85% of people over the age of 60 are affected by cervical spondylosis.

Common Symptoms

Neck Muscle Pain
Tension and spasm in the posterior neck muscles, restricting neck movements. Usually resolves within 1-2 weeks with rest and stretching.
Neurological Complications
Persistent numbness, decreased sensation, or weakness in the extremities. May result from mechanical lesions of spinal nerves.
Cervical Radiculopathy
Pain, numbness, tingling, and weakness in the arms and legs.

Diagnosis Methods

Physical Examination
Assessment of neck range of motion, tenderness, and neuromuscular function.
MRI
Evaluation of the spinal cord and nerve roots.
CT
Assessment of bones and the spinal canal.
EMG
Evaluation of nerve and muscle function.

Causes

Soft Tissue Injuries
Strains or sprains of muscle and ligament tissues.
Cervical Spondylosis
Changes due to long-term wear and tear.
Cervical Disc Herniation
Weakening of the disc's outer ring, causing pressure on the spinal cord or nerve roots.
Spondylotic Myelopathy
Pressure on the spinal cord caused by changes related to wear and tear.

Treatments

Physiotherapy
Increases blood flow to the neck, reduces muscle tension, and supports healing. Manual therapy improves range of motion.
Medication
NSAIDs (reduce inflammation), Pregabalin/Gabapentin (nerve pain), oral corticosteroids when needed.
Neck Fixation
Soft cervical collar restricts neck movement to restore muscle balance.
Facet Block
Corticosteroid injections into vertebral joints to reduce inflammation.
Surgery (ACDF)
Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion for severe cervical radiculopathy, or minimally invasive endoscopic decompression.
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