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Dermatology
HPV (Human Papillomavirus)
These are lesions that grow as cauliflower-like swellings on the skin or mucosal surfaces of the body.
ℹWhat is HPV (Human Papillomavirus)?
Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is a common group of skin viruses that are most frequently transmitted through close skin-to-skin and mucosal contact (most commonly via sexual contact).
Virus particles are released from the surface of papillomatous (cauliflower-like) lesions. Small skin abrasions caused by minor traumas allow the virus to enter the skin or mucosal areas. In this way, it can spread to other parts of the body (autoinfection) or be transmitted to others through skin-to-mucosa contact.
There are hundreds of types. Some do not cause symptoms, while others may increase the risk of warts or cancer.
Common Symptoms
Papillomatous Lesions
Cauliflower-like growths of varying sizes are observed on the skin layers or mucosal surfaces (such as oral cavity or vagina) throughout the body.
Diagnosis Methods
Examination under Magnification
A detailed examination of the lesions is performed under magnification.
Biopsy and HPV Typing
A biopsy is taken from the tissues, and specifically, HPV typing is performed.
Causes
Low-Risk Types (HPV6, HPV11)
These can cause warts (condylomas) across all skin layers of the body, most commonly in the genital area.
High-Risk Types (HPV16, HPV18)
Over time, these can increase the risk of cervical cancer, anal cancer, penile cancer, and cancers of the oral cavity and throat.
Treatments
Treatment of Low-Risk Warts
Cauterization, cryotherapy, and surgical excision are applied.
Treatment of High-Risk Warts
Extensive radical surgical excision is performed.
HPV Vaccination
HPV vaccination is recommended, particularly in recurrent cases.