Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)

Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) is the non-cancerous enlargement of the prostate gland. It is one of the most common health conditions in aging men, significantly affecting urinary function and quality of life.

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ℹWhat is Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)?

The prostate is a walnut-sized gland at the outlet of the urinary bladder that surrounds the urinary tract (urethra). BPH is the enlargement of the gland as a result of an increase in the number of cells within the prostate. The term "benign" emphasizes that this growth is not cancerous.

As the prostate enlarges, it can compress the urinary tract and obstruct the flow of urine. It generally begins after the age of 40, and BPH findings are seen in approximately 90% of 80-year-old men. An increase in the estrogen/testosterone ratio with aging is considered the primary factor.

Common Symptoms

Storage Symptoms

Frequent urination (pollakiuria), waking up at night to urinate (nocturia), and sudden urinary urgency.

Voiding Symptoms

Decrease in urine flow rate, difficulty starting to urinate (hesitancy), and intermittent urination.

Post-Urination Dripping

Dripping at the end of urination and a feeling that the bladder has not fully emptied.

Diagnosis Methods

Digital Rectal Examination

Assessment of prostate size, consistency, and surface irregularities.

PSA Test

Blood test to differentiate prostate cancer risk.

Uroflowmetry

Measures maximum and average flow rates, flow pattern, and post-void residual volume.

Ultrasonography

Measurement of prostate volume and post-void residual urine (PVR).

IPSS (International Prostate Symptom Score)

Standardized questionnaire for objective assessment of symptom severity.

Treatments

Monitoring and Lifestyle Changes

Regulation of fluid intake and regular follow-up for mild complaints.

Alpha-Blockers

Relax the smooth muscles of the prostate and bladder neck to ease urine flow.

5-Alpha Reductase Inhibitors

Shrink the prostate by preventing the conversion of testosterone to DHT.

HoLEP (Holmium Laser)

Gold standard for large prostates (80-100 grams and above). Minimally invasive with rapid recovery.

TUR-P

Resection of prostate tissue using the traditional endoscopic (closed) surgical method.

Robotic Prostate Adenomectomy

Preferred for very large prostates (over 200 grams) or in the presence of accompanying pathology.

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